Turbulence is generated as the wind blows over the Earth's surface, and by thermals rising from the land as it is heated by the sun. This is where the air motion is determined by the properties of the Earth's surface. The lowest part of the troposphere is called the boundary layer. So air higher up is cooler than air lower down. If a parcel of air moves upwards it expands (because of the lower pressure). The decrease in temperature with height is a result of the decreasing pressure. The troposphere contains about 75% of all of the air in the atmosphere, and almost all of the water vapour (which forms clouds and rain). The actual change of temperature with height varies from day to day, depending on the weather. In this part of the atmosphere the temperature gets colder as the distance above the earth increases, by about 6.5☌ per kilometre. It contains most of our weather - clouds, rain, snow. This is the lowest part of the atmosphere - the part we live in. A further region, beginning about 500 km above the Earth's surface, is called the exosphere. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere and the thermosphere. The atmosphere can be divided into layers based on its temperature, as shown in the figure below. A further region at about 500 km above the Earth's surface is called the exosphere. These layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. The atmosphere is comprised of layers based on temperature.
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